We Are Still Married (1989)

     Garrison Keillor We Are Still Married (1989) Collection of occasional pieces, mostly written for The New Yorker. Keillor’s wry and melancholy persona drifts through these pieces like smoke through the bush. He has the knack of making you feel that you, too, lived the life he lived. This book contains the famous Young Lutheran’s Guide to the Orchestra, and several of his poems. There is a streak of rage in Keillor that he rarely lets show, but there are hints of it here and there, like lightning on the far horizon. Some of the essays have little intrinsic interest, but matter as items in Keillor’s list of works. Varies from *** to ****.

All That Heaven Allows (1955)

      All That Heaven Allows (1955) [D: Douglas Sirk. Jane Wyman, Rock Hudson, Agnes Moorehead] Cary Scott, a 40-ish widow (Wyman), lonely and bored a few years after husband’s death, falls in love with her hunky tree-trimmer Ron Kirby  (Hudson), whose age is not specified, but one gathers from “internal evidence” that he’s 30-ish, i.e., “much younger”. He’s also of a different class, being a rude mechanical, unlike Scott’s circle, all well-off business types who foregather at the country club and each other’s homes for cocktails. One of these acquaintances is a cad who figures Scott is easy prey. When Scott brings Kirby to one of the house parties, this cad figures she’s just slumming and tries to move in on her, whereupon Kirby belts him one. This neatly divides Scott’s group into true friends (one, possibly two) and those who disguise their envy of Scott under censorious remarks about Kirby’s gauche behaviour.
     Kirby fixes up the derelict mill on his property (he owns a tree nursery), which of course impresses Scott, and she agrees to marry him. Besides, he has free-spirit type friends, who seem much more genuine and in charge of their lives than the socially constipated circle that Scott has known so far. But when her children object, she decides to sacrifice her happiness for theirs. But she soon learns that they are too focussed on their own affairs to pay any real attention to her, so she returns to Kirby, but when he’s not home she drives off, and Kirby, waving frantically to get her attention, falls off a cliff. Scott rushes back to nurse him; when he wakes up she agrees that she has come home. Fade out.
     As you can tell, this is a slick reversal of the Harlequin Romance (which at the time was not yet the world-beating brand it later became). Here, the woman is the social superior, and it’s a masterful younger man who awakens her suppressed desires. It’s clear that Kirby has aroused feelings that she perhaps never experienced in her marriage, which seems to have been pleasant enough, and which her children wish her to reprise with a pleasant and decidedly unsexy older man of her own class. In that sense she’s the ingenue. Like any Romance heroine, she’s also virtuous, unwilling to acknowledge her feelings, and ready to stifle them in the service of maintaining her children’s respectability as they claim to understand it. This self-sacrifice is a required trope in Romance, too.
     The movie is well-made. The plot is complex enough to sustain interest, but simple enough that mild distractions such as candy or pop-corn purchases or satisfying gossip with one’s friends will not interfere with understanding it. It was aimed at women who were or wanted to be in the semi-leisured class of the comfortable (and somewhat bored) housewives whose husbands earned enough that they didn’t have to work. There were many such movies. What makes this one different was the issues of class, age difference, pointless sacrifice (the children really are selfish prigs), and of course (discreetly implied) sex. The treatment of these issues is dated, and nowadays naive viewers may well be frustrated by Scott’s self-immolation, but there’s no question that the issues were real, and that many movie-goers at that time identified with her and  may have wished they too could make the kinds of choices she made.
     Two years after this movie appeared, Betty Friedan surveyed her Smith College classmates, and in 1963 published the results in The Feminine Mystique. Most middle and upper-middle-class women felt their lives were pretty pointless. It’s not much of a stretch to read the movie as an example of how to break out of the trap of useless, boring upper-middle-class lives. Both the book and the movie presented women constrained by social attitudes that made it difficult (and often impossible) for them to live fulfilling lives. This movie offered the class-renouncing choice of following your feelings, of making decisions that were authentically your own. The free spirits that Kirby hangs out with are what a generation later evolved into hippies. Betty Friedan offered work as the solution. Using one’s talents and skills to do useful work outside the home would enable women to take control of their lives. Either way, women’s lives would no longer be wasted sacrifices on the altar of respectable matrimony.
     There have been many similar movies about bored, frustrated, unhappy women and their attempts to find meaning in their lives. Around the same time, stories and movies about men’s failures to live fulfilling lives also came to dominate literature and movies. Consider The Man in the Grey Flannel Suit, made as a movie in 1956. The hero sacrifices his ethics on the altar of respectability, that is, his ability to support his family. The underlying malaise was not so much one of gender roles, but of life roles. Neither men nor women were satisfied with the effects and demands of an economic system that generated immense wealth and made comfortable lives possible, even though for a time that wealth was distributed equitably across all social classes. There’s more to life than stuff and reputation. A couple of decades later, the stories dealing with these themes would have a good deal more edge. James Updike is one of many writers who made careers of chronicling the effects of affluence on the American psyche.
     This movie is worth seeing. It’s slow, you may be tempted to laugh at some of the scenes, the dialogue is passable, the acting competent, there are too many close-ups of suffering-in-silence faces, and there’s a distinct lack of chemistry between the leads, but as documentation of a certain time in America’s social evolution it’s the first of an essential triad. The Man in the Grey Flannel Suit and Peyton Place (book 1956, movie1957) are the others. As a romance flick of its time, this one rates ****, as a plain old movie **½.

Edited 2023-04-29

5 short book reviews

     Fred Archer The Village of my Childhood (1989) Just what it says. Pleasant low-key style. Archer doesn’t gloss over the bad bits, but he doesn’t emphasise them either. As he says, childhood is a time when he felt secure and nothing seemed to change. Much of the narrative consists of character portraits and anecdotes about particular events. Not as witty as Keillor, but has much of the same affection for small town or village life. Interesting words - a glossary at the end would be a bonus. The photos are not very well reproduced, a fault of much UK printing, even today. I liked this book. ***

     Garrison Keillor Lake Wobegon Days (1985) The first in a series, though GK didn’t know that at the time. A semi-fictional memoir of GK’s years in his hometown, represented by Lake Wobegon. By turn sentimental, wry, cynical, furious, ironic, loving, jaundiced, satirical, etc. Keillor has the knack of making you believe you’ve lived there. The Prairie Home Companion stories preceded and underlie this book, as they do the subsequent ones. ****

     Garrison Keillor Happy to Be Here (1981) Sketches, some of them relating to Prairie Home Companion, and some not. Not as consistently good as Lake Wobegon Days, but pretty good anyhow. My, there I go sounding like a Lutheran! Some of the pieces have real bite; others are merely absurd. Keillor has a good ear for hypocrisy, stupidity, illogic, and especially for fashionable cant. Varies from ** to ****

     Paul Fussell, BAD, or, the Dumbing of America (1991) An attack on stuff that it is not merely bad (on account of ignorance, for example), but that pretends to a superior quality. Splenetic, opinionated, and of course dated in its references, but the principle is still valid. If anything, BAD has gotten worse. However, Fussell’s book on class in America is much superior to this one. **

     Geoffrey Trease Bent is the Bow (1967) Ill. By Charles Keeping, which is the reason we bought this book. The eight short chapters read more like the introductory section of a novel. It is set in the Welsh border wars under Owen Glendower. Hugh and Meg are taken as hostages by the wicked Lord Whitney at the beginning of these hostilities, and eventually escape and return to their own home. Whitney’s son Stephen becomes the master of the neighbouring castle when Whitney is killed. So there are possible complications to come, lots of them. Pity we don’t get the rest of the story. Did Trease lose interest? Did Nelson decide to publish these few first chapters as a teaser? We will never know. **

End of the Line (Franzen)

     Jonathan Franzen End of the Line (New Yorker, 11 June 2001) The daughter of a railroad executive gets a summer job in the railroad office, filing signal circuit diagrams. She has a brief affair with an older man working there. The affair affects her less than it affects him; he wants her as much because she is daughter of his boss as for her youth. He and the girl’s father began at the same rank, but he reached his level pretty quickly, and has harboured a grudge against his former colleague ever since. The girl is shocked when he reveals the anger underlying his passion for her, but in the long run it doesn’t touch her. She is insulated from long term effects of his rage by her class and education, which is already equal to his, even though she is still a college student. And besides, she accepted his advances as much for pity, because she thought he needed sex, as for any any affection for him. Sad little study in American class structure. ***

Way Station (Simak)

     Clifford Simak Way Station (1963) Enoch Wallace, a Civil War soldier, is recruited to staff an intergalactic way station. All goes well for 100 years, when three events converge: The Talisman, a device for contacting the spiritual force pervading the Universe, is missing and presumed stolen. Lucy Fisher, a sensitive, is beaten by her father, and seeks refuge with Enoch; she becomes the second human to make contact. The CIA has removed the body of a Vegan who died at the Station; now a variety of factions want to use this desecration as a pretext for closing down the way station, and pushing Galactic development into different regions. The Vegan emissary, however, is moved by the inscription Enoch has placed on the headstone of the dead Vegan’s grave; and the CIA returns the body after all. Enoch kills the thief; Lucy turns out to be the next custodian of the Talisman; and all ends well. - So much for the plot.
    Simak has a fertile and somewhat sentimental imagination, but knows how to follow through on the logic of both plot and character. His characters may be thin, but the plots don’t violate their nature; this makes for believable stories, regardless of their fantasy elements. His style can be clumsy, but also very clear and direct. All his books are at least interesting, and this is no exception. It would make a very nice little SF movie, so long as the makers don’t go overboard with the special effects. **½

Family Affair (Stout)

     Rex Stout. Family Affair (1975) An acquaintance arrives at Wolfe’s brownstone late at night, seeking shelter and advice. He lights a “cigar” and is killed. Wolfe is furious, of course. The search for the murderer leads to an earlier murder, and causes a third. In the end, one of Wolfe’s operatives is the culprit. He takes The Only Way Out (tm.)
     As usual, well plotted, well written, with a minimum of the Rex Stout tricks. One reads these confections for the same reason one buys the same chocolate bar: one knows exactly what one is getting. I do wish Stout developed the characters more, especially since he hints at ongoing relationships (highly idealised in the case of Archie Goodwin and Lily Rowan.) Later writers tell not only a series of murder mysteries but also an extended novel of relationships and character. However, this book is very good of its limited kind, ie, a cut above most mysteries. *** (2001)

How the Mind Works (Pinker)

     Steven Pinker. How the Mind Works (1997) Just what it says: a survey of what is (was) known about the workings of the brain/mind at the time of writing. Pinker’s angle is evolutionary, and it works. He claims that the brain is a computational cognitive device. Our abilities (so many of which seem easy to us merely because 99% of the computations are unconscious) are just those that would improve reproductive fitness for a creature like our ancestors: a foraging omnivore with no special weapons, etc. The evolutionary niche our ancestors entered was the cognitive one, says Pinker, and the book is a pretty good demonstration of that claim.
     Pinker suffers from a blind spot: he is an agnostic skeptic, and so sees no clear use for religion. I think religion does confer fitness on the individual, and in two ways. One, faith (the attitude behind or underlying religious expression) increases hope, and hope increases the likelihood that the organism will strive to survive in the face of overwhelming odds, odds that a cognitive creature would compute automatically, BTW. Also there is evidence that a hopeful outlook on life improves not only attitudes but the immune system. Secondly, religion cements social bonds, so that expression of religious belief is a method of increasing alliances, a factor Pinker has already convincingly argued is necessary in a social creature like ourselves. Belief is not necessary, merely religious expression. The horrible effects of religious fanaticism are IMO effects of extreme alliance. OTOH, Pinker’s claim that the mind can ask questions it is not equipped to answer is plausible. That includes questions religion seeks to answer, but also suggests real limits on scientific investigation. See Devlin’s The Math Gene for another angle on this issue.
     Since the book was written, a brain area involved in the sense of self has been discovered: it’s in the right prefrontal cortex. I’ve put a clipping about this into the book.
     A book worth reading, more than once. *** (2001)