19 May 2024

Stamboul Train (Graham Greene, 1932)

 Graham Greene. Stamboul Train. (1932). Green called this novel an “entertainment”, and it’s certainly that. A mix of characters travel from Oostende to Stamboul on the Orient Express. Carleton Myatt’s purpose is to complete a business deal in Stamboul. The other characters all somehow cross his path. A chorus girl, a political idealist, a murderous thief, an English shop-keeper couple on holiday, and so on.
Green’s invention is prodigious, enough for several novels. The story edges close to farce here and there, but human weaknesses always jerk it back into reality. Or maybe life is a farce, and Greene adds a dash of high realism.
     There is no poetic justice here, despite Greene;s claim that it’s merely an entertainment. Greene is a ruthless observer of the failures of  human nature and the systems we’ve invented to control it. Love and betrayal, greed and generosity, political paranoia and ignorance, meanness and naivete – it’s a rich stew of humanity. Green’s deprecation of his work may been a ploy to forestall criticism. It may also have prevented recognition that it is one of those apparently second-rate books that rise to the level of art.
     I thoroughly enjoyed the book. There were two film adaptations. I think a 4- or 6-part video series might do it justice. ***

15 May 2024

Fred Pohl's Best (The Best of Frederik Pohl, 1975)

Frederik Pohl. The Best of Frederik Pohl (1975) Pohl wrote his first SF stories while still in high school. After a few stints as editor, he withdrew, but re-emerged some years later. The range and weirdness of his invention reminds me of Philip K. Dick, but his tone is lighter, and his satire milder than Dick’s. Pohl is interested in the effects of technological and social changes. He’s also interested in projecting current trends into the future and developing them to absurdity. He’s especially annoyed by advertising, by the relentless push to produce and consume more and more. He knows the tricks of manipulation using language, and his best stories demonstrate their effectiveness rather too well.
     Like many SF writers of the time, he tends to ignore of ecology, usually because ecology would complicate the story. “The Midas Touch” for example supposes a system of over-production and hence over-consumption. As satire on the consumer society, on the unquestioning assumption that ever-increasing production is the purpose of the economy, it’s well done. But the system would have collapsed from ecological exhaustion long before it reached the absurd levels of consumption portrayed. So Pohl ignores the ecological implications of over-consumption because he wants to make another point: That we are trapped in boxes of our own making, and so we persist in solving problems that would simply disappear if we changed our assumptions.
     The motif of unsuspected invasion by hostile aliens figures in several of the tales. Some critics have suggested this is an expression of the Cold War fear of Communist subversion. But the stories work just as well, and perhaps better, read simply as warnings that the Universe is likely a very hostile place. I enjoyed (re)-reading these stories Recommended. *** to ****

13 May 2024

Easy read (Find Me A Villain, Yorke 1983)

Margaret Yorke. Find Me A Villain (1983) Nina, blind-sided by her husband’s demand for a divorce after 20 years of what seemed like a solid marriage, accepts a house sitting job in a much too bucolic village. The complications involve the gardener, who may be a serial killer; a shell-shocked ex-Navy man and his fussing protective wife; the vicar (of course); Nina’s children (who detest their father); and so on. The blurb indicates the there is “high tension” and terror, but I found neither. In fact, it took me three tries to get far enough into the story that I wanted to see how the author disentangled the knots she had crafted. So there’s that. The style is functional, best when the author strives for ambience. The characters are barely 2.0D, even Nina, who is the narrative centre of most of the book. I’m writing this about ten days after I finished the book, and had to skim a few pages to remind myself of what it was about.
      Yorke had a successful career as a writer. If this book is typical, one can see why: It’s a mildly engaging entertainment, the kind that people used to buy to while away a train journey. The occasional waspish remarks about the Other Woman and the psychological costs of marriage suggest that Yorke was writing from experience.**

06 May 2024

Natural Light Photography (Ansel Adams)

 Ansel Adams. Natural Light Photography (1952) Adams was one of the greatest photographers of all time. He understood the technical problems of the medium thoroughly. In his quest for photographs that reproduced what the viewer of the scene perceived and felt he manipulated exposure, development, and printing shamelessly. Nowadays, the algorithms built into our digital cameras perform calculations and judgements similar to his. The result is that we can make technically nearly flawless images. The onus is now on selection of subject and composition, which is, not at all paradoxically, a more difficult and intuitive an art than technical perfection.
     This book, #4 in a series of six on Basic Photography, is a valuable reference for anyone making photographs with film, especially if one has the filters listed by Adams. His Zone system of determining exposure is essential. Our digital cameras, which use multi-point exposure and algorithms, perform the Zone system calculations for us. His discussion of how to compensate for the different light sensitivities of different films remind us that the sensors in our digital cameras suffer from the same inconsistencies, and the algorithms can’t always compensate. As with film, we may have to wait for changes in the light, or manipulate it.
     Even for digital photography, Adams’s insistence on paying attention to the light is his most valuable contribution. It’s the light that creates the impression we want to see in the final print. Whatever technology the photographer uses, they must know and understand how their devices capture the light. The flat light from an overcast sky or open shade, the brilliant light from a clear sky or direct sun, the reflected light from nearby walls, trees, snow etc, all these affect how the final image will look. Adams knew from long experience and careful note taking how to use his “instruments” to make his pictures.
     Despite the obsolescence of many of the technical specifications, this is still an essential book. Skip the tech data, and concentrate on what Adams says about light and its effects.
     The printing technology used is basic letter press and halftone images. These cannot reproduce the subtle range of greys of the photographic prints. Even so, study of the pictures will help anyone wanting to make better images.
     Recommended. ****


Note 2026-05-12: I think it's a good idea to set the digital camera to black and white mode for a dozen or two pictures every now then. Seeing the structure of the image without the distraction and interference of colour should help one see the essence of the image.

How It Is Made (Hawks, 1946)


 Ellison Hawks. How It Is Made. (1946) Internal evidence in text and images shows the book was originally published ca. 1930. An online search revealed that this edition was published in 1946.
     As an introduction to the technology of the time, it’s excellent. It’s also a historical record, not only of the technology, but also the attitudes towards science and industry. Hawks expresses, and expects his readers to share, a generally admiring and prideful stance towards the triumphs of human ingenuity. There is not a hint of environmental awareness: it’s all about making things that will serve human needs and desires. Hawks is also firmly patriotic: England is still the Workshop of the World, although some references suggest Hawks knew that the USA was supplanting Great Britain as the industrial leader.
     An interesting compendium. Allowing for surprisingly minor advances in most technologies, still a good introduction to the engineering that we all rely on. The most significant differences between then and now are the use of plastics, the development of solid-state electronics, and the spread of computers into every nook and cranny of our daily lives. Recommended if you can find a copy. ***
     More about Ellison: https://bearalley.blogspot.com/2009/01/ellison-hawks.html


 

04 May 2024

Corruption and Past Crimes: Blue City (Ross MacDonald)

 Ross MacDonald. Blue City (1947) Another pre-Lew Archer novel, but it has all the motifs and themes that characterise MacDonald’s novels. Johnny Weather, recently discharged from the US Army, goes home hoping to reconcile with his estranged father. Instead, he finds his father’s widow in partnership with a gangster, his father’s murder unsolved, and his father’s erstwhile partner and rival running the town as his personal fiefdom. Small people with big dreams, psychopaths, corrupt police and politicians, people tempted into crime by the nobility of their goals, people striving for the protective amour of respectability, it’s the American Dream turned nightmare.
     McDonald’s style and plotting is still evolving; this book is no page-turner. But it works as a crime novel. A good entertainment for any fan of mid-20th century American crime fiction, and a must for any fan/student of MacDonald. **½

26 April 2024

A Memoir (World War II)

 Planes glide through the air like fish

     Before I knew why airplanes stayed up, I thought they glided through the air like fish through water. Later I found out it wasn’t like that at all, a fish can’t fall to the bottom of the lake because it has a pocket of air inside it, but a plane stays up because it moves. Sharks don’t have a pocket of air, they must keep moving or they will fall to the bottom like an airplane falling from the sky.
     We lived by a lake, whose clear water revealed the bottom six or more feet down. The fish were dark slashes against the grey green silt, or a swift gleam of silver as they turned. In the mornings and evenings, the fishers went out on the lake to set and fetch their nets.
     The fishers stood up in a long flat bottomed boat, leaning and straightening as they pumped the square-bladed oar, he tall and stooped in the stern, she short and round in the bow. They’re shovelling water, I thought, I didn’t understand how that could move the boat forward. The fishers stuck the small fish onto pine splints which they ranged in the smoke house chimney. The smoked fish tasted salt and sweet at the same time when one gnawed them off the wood.
     I watched the fishers mend nets, watched their hands and fingers move out and back with a twist as they fed and knotted the line with a flat, narrow piece of wood. I didn’t see how the line could make a knot with only one end free. The nets hung on frames made of pine poles, moving in the wind like waves on the water, bleached white and soft by the sun.
     Many years later, in another country, I learned Bernoulli’s equations and Boyle’s law, and understood how air moving over the wing made the wing lift the plane. For a few weeks I understood the equations that defined drag and turbulence, too. Now I understand only their meaning, a lovely interplay of velocity, pressure and viscosity, with which the airplane designer and pilot co-operate.
     I learned a lot of other things too, I understood the engineer’s and metal worker’s craft, their exquisite skill lavished on the bombers that glided through the sky, making death beautiful and distant.
     The bombers looked like fish against the sky, gleaming silver, but not like fish, sliding across the blue air, steady and inexorable, and making a sound you felt in your bones, a sound that struck across the sky and flowed into the earth and came up through your feet and made your teeth buzz. Then black flowers bloomed on the horizon where the railway junction was. Many years later I saw pictures of black chrysanthemums, they bloomed like smoke against a blue sky. My friend’s mother died among the roots of one of those flowers, but that was before he was my friend, before we even knew of each other’s existence.
     One day a plane came in low over our house, and fell into the lake, trailing a black and orange flag that stretched out behind it, longer and longer as the plane fell towards the water. My mother said my brother could see the pilot’s face, I must have seen it too as I stood next to my brother, but he can remember it and I can’t, I wonder if that’s why he hides his melancholy. I hide mine too, but not in the same way, he bursts out in sudden attacks of craziness, roaring like a monster, pretending to be Grendel, or the giant that ate an Englishman and ground his bones for bread. My Grandpa read us that story, I loved the bits where Jack steals the gold and the hen and the harp, and runs to the beanstalk along the winding cloudy road. The harp betrayed the thief, an early lesson on the deviousness of artists.
     I tell people I’m fine, when they ask. I ask them, too, and they tell me they are fine. We tell each other we are fine, making up a fine story about how fine the world is, and what a fine time we are having this fine afternoon, while we eat a fine meal made on a fine barbecue in a fine garden owned by a fine neighbourly neighbour.
     For several weeks, I understood the equations that explained airplanes, then we wrote a test and I forgot them. I didn’t forget what they explained. Whenever I look at a plane I see the air flow over its wings, faster on top and slower underneath, holding up the plane, a plane that weighs more than the largest steam locomotive ever built, and as the jet climbs into the sky like a man going up a flight of stairs, I know that if the air peels off the wings in unseen swirls and whirlpools, the plane will crash, but we won’t make a white splash in the water because there’s no lake under us, just grass and asphalt. A black and orange flower will bloom in the field at the end of the runway.
     When the fishers pump the oar, eddies and swirls peel off it and press against the blade, and that presses the boat forward. What brings down the plane moves the boat. Nature has her ways, if you work with her, she rewards you with flying planes and gliding boats.
     My cousin and I used to go into the park next to our house. The oaks and beeches and maples and pines and firs and sycamores made it a quiet place, the only sounds the rustle of the leaves high above us and the scuff of our feet in the duff. We thought of it as a secret place, known only to us, a source of treasure, a landscape of adventure. Once we saw the wreck of an airplane caught high in the branches of the trees. We took one of the transformers that had come loose and fallen to the ground, and for a long time after we had fine copper wire to play with, varnished a rich mahogany red. My cousin told me we could make snares and catch fish, or make electrical stuff, if we wanted. Just thinking about the possibilities hidden in the coils of fine, dark red wire was enough, it made us happy. We hid the transformer in the gazebo and took it out to relish the technical perfection of its windings, fine as hair.
     A day or two after we found the transformer we were forbidden to go into the park, a prohibition we could not understand until we heard talk among the grownups about the dead pilot of the airplane hanging in the branches of the sycamore tree. We waited for our chance and crept back into the park but the wreck had been removed. As usual, the grownups had spoiled our fun, but we were used to it, and went about our business.
     When it rained, the snails came out of the underbrush, their shells banded yellow and black and sometimes orange. The shells gleamed in the wet. I gathered up the snails and set them on the pine-log railing of the gazebo and waited for them to race each other. The snails came out from their shells, waving their antennae, testing the air for danger. They crawled over the curve of the railing and fell into the grass and disappeared.
     One day the sirens moaned while I was building forts and jetties with the rocks at the edge of the water. I ran up the slope to the road, a cyclist rushing home knocked me over. The wheels of his bike scraped my bare belly, there was no other injury. My mother dressed us in two layers of underwear, and two layers of overcoats, the topmost one made from a bright red blanket. We must have looked like little red snowmen. The woollen vest itched, I cried with vexation in the cellar. We heard the bombers fly over, they seemed closer this time, perhaps the cellar magnified their sound, it came out of the ceiling and the floor and the walls. When the bombs hit the railway yards, we felt the thump, and a small cloud of dust drifted down from the ceiling. The lights flickered and went out. One of the grownups lit a candle, the light made a boundary around us like a wall. We huddled up next to Mother, and felt secure. But the vest still itched.
     When I hear sirens in a war movie these days, something grabs my throat and squeezes tears from my eyes.
     I visited the lake again recently. The mountains that stood on the opposite shore still stand there, self-sufficient and silent. High above them, a con trail divides the sky. I can’t see the plane, but I know it glides through the air like a fish glides through water.

Dick Whittington - What Really Happened (Sitwell, 1945)

 Osbert Sitwell. The True Story of Dick Whittington (1946) My great-aunt Dolly gave me this book in 1949. I wonder whether she read it firs...